In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. 

Some parts of speech (PoS, sometimes also called "word classes" or "syntactic classes") often present in different languages are:

nouns (N)

adjectives (Adj)

pronouns (Pro)

numerals (Num)

verbs (V)

adverbs (Adv)

particles

prepositions, conjunctions, onomatopeia, ...

What follows what, what impacts what.

Note :: in some languages, sequential order is more strict, in some, it is more relaxed