👂 🎴 🕸️
<
ol
><
li
>
Repetitio
::
<
a
href
=
„
/
prolegomena
/
mythology
/
“
target
=
„
blank
“
>
Mythology
a
>
li
><
li
>
Questio
::
What
is
a
machine
?
li
><
li
>
Lectio
::
Antiquity
<
ul
><
li
>
Antikythera
mechanism
li
><
li
>
Heron
of
Alexandria
li
><
li
>
other
traditions
li
>
ul
>
li
><
li
>
Exercitio
::
Introduction
to
Abacus
<
li
>
Disputatio
::
What
is
NOT
a
machine
?
<
div
style
=
„
font
-
size
:
100px
;
“
>
What
is
„
a
machine
“
?
div
><
br
/>
<
ul
style
=
„
margin
-
top
:
20px
;
“
><
li
>
English
word
machine
comes
through
Middle
French
from
Latin
machina
''
which
in
turn
derives
from
the
Greek
(
Doric
μαχανά
makhana
''
Ionic
μηχανή
mekhane
„
contrivance
''
device
''
engine
“
''
a
derivation
from
μῆχος
mekhos
„
means
''
expedient
''
remedy
“
)
li
><
li
>
Greek
„
mekhane
“
was
potentially
derived
from
Proto
-
Indo
-
European
root
<
b
>*
magh
-
b
>
meaning
„
<
b
>
to
be
able
''
have
power
b
>.
“
Linguists
believe
that
English
words
like
may
''
might
''
magi
''
magic
''
make
or
German
words
like
machen
''
Macht
etc
.
are
derived
from
the
PIE
-
root
*
magh
.
ul
>
An
apparatus
using
mechanical
power
and
having
several
parts
''
each
with
a
definite
function
and
together
performing
a
particular
task
.<
ul
><
li
>
Any
device
that
transmits
a
force
or
directs
its
application
.
li
><
li
>
An
efficient
and
well
-
organized
group
of
powerful
people
.
li
><
li
>
A
person
who
acts
with
the
mechanical
efficiency
of
a
machine
.
li
>
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
51vh
;
float
:
left
;
margin
-
right
:
50px
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
Antikythera
.
jpg
“
/><
ul
style
=
„
margin
-
top
:
10px
;
“
><
li
>
an
ancient
Greek
analogue
computer
used
to
predict
astronomical
positions
and
eclipses
for
calendar
and
astrological
purposes
decades
in
advance
<
li
>
created
sometimes
around
2nd
-
1st
century
B
.
C
.''
discovered
in
1902
<
li
>
complex
clockwork
of
at
least
30
bronze
gears
ul
><
div
class
=
„
copyfck
“
style
=
„
left
:
20vw
;
top
:
62vh
;
“
>
The
main
gear
(
fragment
A
)
of
the
Antikythera
mechanism
div
>
<
iframe
width
=
„
1200
“
height
=
„
700
“
src
=
„
https
://
www
.
youtube
.
com
/
embed
/
UpLcnAIpVRA
“
frameborder
=
„
0
“
allow
=
„
accelerometer
;
autoplay
;
encrypted
-
media
;
gyroscope
;
picture
-
in
-
picture
“
allowfullscreen
>
iframe
>
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
61vh
;
float
:
left
;
margin
-
right
:
100px
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
Hero
of
Alexandria
.
png
“
/><
ul
style
=
„
margin
-
top
:
10px
;
“
><
li
>
greatest
experimenter
of
antiquity
<
li
>
teacher
at
Musaeum
<
li
>
author
of
works
like
<
i
>
Pneumatica
''
Automata
''
Mechanica
''
On
the
dioptra
''
Belopoeica
''
Catoptrica
''
Geodesia
''
Geoponica
i
>
etc
.<
li
>
father
of
cybernetics
ul
><
div
class
=
„
copyfck
“
style
=
„
left
:
42vw
;
top
:
70vh
;
“
>
17th
-
century
German
depiction
of
Hero
div
>
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
51vh
;
margin
:
50px
;
float
:
left
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
Heron
Orgel
.
jpg
“
/><
br
/><
ul
style
=
„
“
><
li
>
holy
water
dispenser
<
li
>
windwheel
organ
<
li
>
Hero
'
s
engine
(<
a
href
=
https
://
en
.
wikipedia
.
org
/
wiki
/
Aeolipile
>
aeolipile
a
>)<
li
>
10
-
minute
long
fully
mechanical
theater
piece
involving
a
first
„
programmable
“
robot
ul
><
div
class
=
„
copyfck
“
style
=
„
left
:
32vw
;
top
:
70vh
;
“
>
Windwheel
organ
(
ὕδραυλις
)
of
Hero
of
Alexandria
(
62AD
)
div
>
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
51vh
;
margin
:
50px
;
float
:
left
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
Heron
Temple
Opener
.
gif
“
/><
br
/>
<
iframe
width
=
„
800
“
height
=
„
600
“
src
=
„
https
://
www
.
youtube
.
com
/
embed
/
kYyzVCXVOy0
“
frameborder
=
„
0
“
allow
=
„
accelerometer
;
autoplay
;
encrypted
-
media
;
gyroscope
;
picture
-
in
-
picture
“
allowfullscreen
>
iframe
>
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
51vh
;
margin
:
50px
;
float
:
left
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
Heron
First
Robot
.
jpg
“
/><
br
/>
<
p
>
„
When
King
Solomon
stepped
upon
the
throne
''
a
mechanism
was
set
in
motion
.
As
soon
as
he
stepped
upon
the
first
step
''
the
golden
ox
and
the
golden
lion
each
stretched
out
one
foot
to
support
him
and
help
him
rise
to
the
next
step
.
On
each
side
''
the
animals
helped
the
King
up
until
he
was
comfortably
seated
upon
the
throne
.
No
sooner
was
he
seated
than
a
golden
eagle
brought
the
great
crown
and
held
it
just
above
King
Solomon
'
s
brow
''
so
that
it
should
not
weigh
heavily
on
his
head
.
“
p
><
p
><
br
/>
We
'
ll
discuss
the
Persian
&
Arab
traditions
next
week
.
p
>
<
i
>
The
king
stared
at
the
figure
in
astonishment
.
It
walked
with
rapid
strides
''
moving
its
head
up
and
down
''
so
that
anyone
would
have
taken
it
for
a
live
human
being
.
The
artificer
touched
its
chin
''
and
it
began
singing
''
perfectly
in
tune
.
He
touched
its
hand
''
and
it
began
posturing
''
keeping
perfect
time
...
As
the
performance
was
drawing
to
an
end
''
the
robot
winked
its
eye
and
made
advances
to
the
ladies
in
attendance
''
whereupon
the
king
became
incensed
and
would
have
had
Yen
Shih
executed
on
the
spot
had
not
the
latter
''
in
mortal
fear
''
instantly
taken
the
robot
to
pieces
to
let
him
see
what
it
really
was
.
And
''
indeed
''
it
turned
out
to
be
only
a
construction
of
leather
''
wood
''
glue
and
lacquer
''
variously
coloured
white
''
black
''
red
and
blue
.
i
>
(
3rd
century
B
.
C
.)
<
img
loading
=
„
lazy
“
style
=
„
width
:
auto
;
height
:
50vh
;
margin
:
20px
;
float
:
left
;
“
src
=
„
/
images
/
prolegomena
/
antiquity
/
baudhayana
.
bmp
“
/><
br
/><
ul
><
li
>
less
interested
in
„
crude
“
''
hardware
-
oriented
disciplines
of
robotics
and
mechanics
(
an
exception
:
„
The
story
of
a
mechanical
girl
“
)
li
><
li
>
more
interested
in
„
subtle
“
''
software
-
oriented
disciplines
of
mathematics
and
logics
<
ul
style
=
„
margin
-
left
:
20px
;
“
><
li
style
=
„
font
-
size
:
32px
;
“
>
Shulba
Sutras
::
texts
concerning
the
Srauta
ritual
which
describe
the
geometry
related
to
fire
-
alter
construction
li
>
ul
>
li
>
ul
>
<
video
style
=
„
object
-
fit
:
cover
;
height
:
700px
;
-
webkit
-
transform
:
rotateY
(
180deg
)
“
autoplay
playsinline
>
video
>
<
ul
><
li
>
Watch
some
videos
about
addition
''
subtraction
and
multiplication
on
an
Abacus
(
e
.
g
.
<
a
href
=
„
https
://
www
.
youtube
.
com
/
watch
?
v
=
jwabVzlobZI
“
target
=
„
blank
“
>
https
://
www
.
youtube
.
com
/
watch
?
v
=
jwabVzlobZI
a
>)<
li
>
You
can
validate
the
activity
-
credit
for
this
course
by
:<
ol
><
li
>
Teaching
Your
fellow
students
how
to
multiply
121
x
121
on
an
Abacus
.<
li
>
Proposing
the
highest
possible
number
which
answers
the
question
„
How
many
distinct
numbers
can
one
unambiguously
represent
on
an
abacus
with
10
marbles
on
10
rows
?
“
and
demonstrating
why
it
is
true
.
li
><
ol
>
ul
>
<
div
style
=
„
font
-
size
:
100px
;
“
>
What
is
NOT
„
a
machine
“
?
div
><
br
/>
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