German Idealism & Romanticism

Soul is active, not passive—central to constructing experience.

Kant: we can never know "soul" as a thing-in-itself.

Fichte: ego (Ich) posits itself—soul as dynamic self-consciousness.

Schelling: soul and nature are aspects of the Absolute unfolding.

Hegel: soul partakes in Spirit (Geist), unfolding historically and dialectically.

Emphasis on development of the soul through culture and reason.