ΤΟ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ ΕΑΥΤΟΥ ΕΣΤΙΝ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΕΙΣΘΑΙ ΤΗΣ ΨΥΧΗΣ / To care for oneself is to care for the soul.

ΟΥ ΤΑ ΧΡΗΜΑΤΑ ΥΜΑΣ ΠΟΙΕΙΝ ΑΛΛΑ ΤΗΝ ΨΥΧΗΝ ΩΣ ΑΡΙΣΤΗΝ ΕΙΝΑΙ / Care not for your bodies or your wealth so much as for the best possible state of your soul.

the concept of EPIMELESTHAI ("care for one's self / care for the soul) is key concept of classical philosophical tradition

Epicureans: soul is material, composed of fine atoms.

No afterlife: soul dissolves at death—no reason to fear it.

Stoics: soul is PNEUMA, a fiery breath pervading the body.

Soul contains HEGEMONIKON (governing principle) in the heart.

Ethics grounded in cultivating (EPIMELESTHAI) rational soul in accordance with nature.

Soul is created by God and infused at conception.

Augustine: soul seeks rest in God; image of God within the soul.

Soul is immortal, destined for salvation or damnation.

Soul's faculties: memory, understanding, will (trinitarian analogy).

Union with God is possible through grace and charity.

Body-soul dualism often influenced by Platonic models.

Soul (ψυχή) often equated with life-force or breath.

"all things are full of gods" Aristotle, De Anima 411a7, quoting Thales

Heraclitus: the soul has a deep, unexplored structure and needs to be “kindled” like fire to become wise

Pythagoreans: soul is immortal and transmigrates (metempsychosis).

Empedocles and Anaxagoras introduce NOUS (mind) as a soul-like power.

No strict separation yet between physical and spiritual dimensions.