IQ, or Intelligence Quotient, is a numerical measure of a person's cognitive abilities relative to their age group. By evaluating a range of cognitive skills, so-called "IQ tests" attempt to quantify the g factor, providing a score that reflects an individual's overall intellectual ability.  An average IQ score is set at 100, with the majority of people scoring within a range around this center point. IQ tests aim to quantify cognitive capability and potential, providing a standardized way to evaluate intellectual abilities across different individuals.