wicked problems

No Definitive Formulation No Stopping Rule Solutions Are Not True-or-False No Immediate and No Ultimate Test Every Solution is a 'One-Shot Operation' No Enumerable (or Exhaustively Describable) Set of Potential Solutions Every Wicked Problem is Essentially Unique Every Wicked Problem Can Be Considered to Be a Symptom of Another Problem The Existence of a Discrepancy Representing a Wicked Problem Can Be Explained in Numerous Ways The Planner Has No Right to Be Wrong